Inflammation of the middle ear, which is accompanied by poor patency of the Eustachian tube and a decrease in sound perception, is called tubo-otitis. What are the symptoms of this illness? What causes it to appear? How to diagnose and further treatment?

Types of disease

The inflammatory process of tubo-otitis (eutsakhiitis), which occurs with impaired ventilation of the middle ear, is formed as a result of the fact that the mucous membrane swells and narrowing of the auditory lumen occurs. With a complex course of the disease, it simply overlaps. Depending on the development of the inflammatory process, acute and chronic tubo-otitis is distinguished, which has the MKB code 10.

From where the disease is localized, right-sided and left-sided tubo-otitis is distinguished (ICB code 10). In more complex cases, when the inflammatory process completely affects both ears, the doctor diagnoses bilateral tubo-otitis.

Exudative turbootitis is also distinguished, in which fluid accumulates in the cavity of the middle ear, the so-called exudate. In the normal state, it is also formed, but is excreted through the Eustachian (auditory) tube.

Symptoms of the disease

There are certain symptoms by which the disease can be diagnosed. Most often, inflammation of the middle ear (ICB code 10) is manifested by hearing loss, congestion, noise, a feeling of stirring inside, and impaired coordination. There may also be symptoms such as hearing the echo of one's own voice. In this case, a temporary improvement in hearing acuity is possible when swallowing saliva.

Acute tubo-otitis has symptoms that allow it to be distinguished from the chronic course of ear inflammation (ICD code 10):

• sensation of iridescent liquid inside, while tilting the head;
• heaviness in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe head where inflammation occurs;
• partial or complete ear congestion.

In this case, the acute form is not characterized by either fever or pain. If timely treatment is not carried out, then soon the symptoms may become complex, and the disease will turn into chronic form. She is characterized by:

• deformation or retraction of the membrane;
• narrowing of the lumen of the Eustachian tube;
• redness of some areas of the skin;
• hearing impairment (complete or partial).

Bilateral turbootitis is characterized by the manifestation of all signs in both ears and partial hearing loss. If timely treatment is not carried out, then the auditory function can be completely impaired and not restored.

Causes of inflammation

The inflammatory process of the middle ear most often appears against the background of penetration into the infection. So, for example, this can happen due to measles, whooping cough, scarlet fever, rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Tubootitis (ICB code 10) has other causes:

• congenital or acquired defects of the nasopharynx and patency (curvature of the nasal septum, adenoids);
• sinusitis;
• high production of saliva and mucus, as a result of dental interventions;
• bad habits (smoking);
• allergic reaction.

If the causes of the disease are not eliminated, then dysfunction of the auditory tube may soon occur and an adhesive process may develop, as a result of which the auditory ossicles stick together and sound perception disappears. With prolonged exposure to negative pressure, sensorineural hearing loss develops. In addition, tubo-otitis (eustachitis) can at any time turn into acute purulent otitis media, and this is a rather serious complication.

Treatment

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In order to relieve the symptoms of the inflammatory process, medication is used, as well as hardware treatment. As medicines, antihistamines are used, which relieve an allergic reaction and intoxication of the body. Such funds are most often prescribed to people if tubo-otitis (ICD code 10) is allergenic and infectious. Vasoconstrictor drops are often used to restore patency in the pipes, as well as hormonal drugs. In parallel with this, the disease is being fought, against the background of which such inflammation arose.

After removing the primary inflammation, tubo-otitis (ICB code 10) must be treated with the help of physiotherapy and hardware procedures. They contribute to tissue regeneration and restoration of auditory functions. For example, pneumomassage is used to remove stagnant excess fluid. To restore the muscle and increase the width of the lumen, electrical stimulation is used. But for the rapid healing of wounds, UHF or UVI is used. To prevent the inflammatory process, you should harden your body, treat the nasopharynx and ears in a timely manner.

Tubootitis is an inflammatory disease with localization in the area of ​​​​the auditory (Eustachian) tube and middle ear. There are acute (up to a month) and chronic (lasting 3-6 months or more) form. Tubootitis or eustachitis is often manifested by subtle symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose and requires certain individual approaches and patience in treatment in adults and children.

Conditions and mechanisms of development

Through the auditory tube, the nasopharynx is connected to the anatomical formation of the middle ear, located immediately behind the tympanic membrane. The main purpose of the tube is to maintain the same pressure in the intra-ear cavities and outside these structures (in the mouth, pharynx and nose).

In tubo-otitis, the infection spreads from the nose, oral cavity or respiratory organs (bronchi, trachea) on the initial part of the auditory tube, located in the pharynx. Acute tubo-otitis develops, as a rule, against the background of a peak or subsidence of the main symptoms of viral (flu, acute respiratory infections) and bacterial (caused by streptococci, staphylococci) diseases. With injuries of the nose and complications of operations in this area, bleeding and blood flow into the auditory tube is possible. In response, inflammation also develops.

An important predisposing factor is the tendency to allergic reactions (swelling, increased production of mucous secretion and active inflammation).

Presence in children younger age shorter and straighter than in adults, the auditory tube makes this group of children the most vulnerable to pathology.

Chronic tubo-otitis occurs against the background of:

• proliferation of mucous and glandular tissue of the pharynx and nasal passages (adenoids);
• chronic foci of infections of the upper respiratory tract;
• changes in the anatomical structure and shape of the nasal septum;
• tumor-like formations of the nasopharynx.

Provoking factors also include being under water (scuba diving, being in a bathyscaphe) and the time of takeoff and landing when flying on an airplane.

In the Eustachian tube during inflammation, the following changes are observed:

• swelling and thickening of the mucous membrane;
• reduction of its lumen;
• violation of the normal movement of air between the cavities of the nasopharynx and middle ear.

As a result, the pressure inside the auditory tube decreases, and the eardrum deforms and retracts into its space. The walls of the pipe stick together, which leads to a further decrease in the diameter of its lumen. At the same time, the release of inflammatory fluid into the middle ear cavity is not typical, only moderate non-purulent inflammation occurs there.

With a long process (chronic tubo-otitis):

• the shape of the tympanic membrane and the middle ear cavity changes;
• tissue nutrition is disrupted;
• thinning of the mucous membrane;
• connective tissue grows.

These processes interfere with normal sound conduction. Gradually, significant hearing loss develops, and bilateral tubo-otitis leads to complete deafness.

Signs of illness

A distinctive feature of tubo-otitis is the presence of local symptoms in the area of ​​the affected ear. However, the general symptoms are:

• temperature increase,
• sweating,
• intoxication in the form of nausea, general weakness, loss of appetite

as a rule, are absent or slightly expressed.

The main symptoms of acute tubo-otitis:

• congestion in the ears on the left with the left-sided and on the right with the right-sided process;
• noise, ringing and strong echo of your voice;
• moderate pain, heaviness and a feeling of fullness on the affected side;
• a feeling of the presence of water in the ear, its transfusion when turning and tilting the head;
• hearing loss.

In this case, hearing can be restored during swallowing, at which pressure in the middle ear cavity returns to normal for a moment.

Eustachitis symptoms in children are the same as in adults. However, if an older child can talk about the occurrence of noise, stuffiness and pain in the ears, then the disease in the baby can only be assumed by a change in his condition and behavior.

Main features in babies:

• capriciousness, anxiety of the child, poor sleep;
• loss of appetite up to the refusal of the breast;
• a sharp reaction and crying at any touch in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sore ear;
• an increase in temperature above 37.5-38 ° C, which is accompanied by chills.

Children of different ages may complain of dizziness and headaches, hearing loss, they may have impaired coordination of movements. An older child may notice that hearing is restored for a few seconds when sneezing, coughing or yawning. There may also be discharge from the ear canal, swelling and rashes in the auricle.

Signs of chronic tubo-otitis:

• gradual deterioration of hearing (at first, the ability to hear whispered, and then quiet speech and normal speech disappears);
• constant noise and crackling in the ears;
• moderate headaches;
• increased congestion and a feeling of transfusion of water in the ear during sudden changes in pressure (in an airplane or when scuba diving).

The chronic process leads to irreversible changes in the structure of the hearing aid and permanent deafness. Characterized by exacerbations with increased local symptoms and periods of calm.

Complications

Tubootitis can lead to complications. Most significant:

• the transition of the inflammatory process to the inner ear with impaired coordination of movements, dizziness, instability in gait, decreased concentration;
• inflammation of the mastoid process, which is located behind the auricle (mastoiditis), which is manifested by acute pain in the temporal bone, swelling and redness behind the ear;
• meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain) dangerous disease with an increase in body temperature to more than 40 ° C, severe headaches, loss of consciousness.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of tubo-otitis is based on an assessment of complaints, other symptoms and the results of an examination of the patient by an ENT doctor. At the same time, the tympanic membrane is edematous, cloudy, deformed, retracted, with separate areas of redness.

To identify the degree of hearing loss, as well as the dynamics of treatment and determine the progression of chronic tubo-otitis, audiometry is used. Conducting a study of discharge from the ear or a smear provides information about the immediate nature of the disease: infectious or allergic, which determines the main direction of therapeutic measures.

Treatment approaches

Treatment of tubootitis is carried out in a hospital in the presence of complications, or at home under the supervision of an ENT doctor.

The main tasks of therapy:

• fight against infection (it is mandatory to prescribe antibiotics, antiviral agents and antimycotics for tubootitis according to indications);
• anti-inflammatory effect;
• rapid reduction of swelling and restoration of the normal lumen of the auditory tube;
• improvement of nutrition processes, blood circulation in the mucous membrane of the affected ear and tissue repair;
• cleansing respiratory tract and nasopharynx from excess inflammatory secretion and mucus;
• improvement of local and general protection mechanisms to prevent chronicity of the disease;
• prevention of complications.

In the presence of chronic inflammatory changes in the tonsils of the nasopharynx, the development of polyps (benign growths of the mucous membrane), it is necessary to resolve the issue of their surgical treatment, since foci of purulent infection, constant obstacles to normal ventilation of the auditory tube will maintain or re-cause eustachitis.

Improving the patency of the Eustachian tube, especially its initial section located in the nasopharynx, cannot be achieved without the use of vasoconstrictor drugs. The most effective are Naphthyzin, Sanorin, Nazivin.

If there is an allergic predisposition, then the treatment of tubo-otitis in both adults and children includes the use of antiallergic drugs ( Claritin, Suprastin, Gismanal, Tsetrin, see), and in severe cases, with severe swelling and hormonal drugs(Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone).

With the infectious nature of the disease, the doctor begins to treat tubo-otitis, having previously identified the pathogen or (until the results of the studies are obtained), based on clinical signs infections.

Basic medicines

If a general way drug administration is taking pills or intramuscular injections, then drops are very effective locally with tubootitis.

• So, except for the antibacterial component of the drug Otipax contains an anesthetic, which helps to reduce pain in the ear and quickly alleviates the condition.
• antiseptic Miramistin has a wide spectrum of action and can be prescribed if a bacterial nature of the disease is suspected.
• At the same time, most fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin) and antiviral agents are contraindicated in the treatment of tubo-otitis in young children, although instilling drops Normax You can also a child older than 1 year.

Given the development of tubootitis against the background of infections accompanied by coughing and sneezing, as well as the need to clear the nose (blow your nose), the patient should be warned about the danger of blowing his nose. It is recommended to alternately clean the right and left side of the nose, while straining as little as possible and blowing your nose with your mouth open.

An additional positive effect in the treatment is:

• yawn;
• ear massage;
• imitation of exhalation with closed nasal passages (it is necessary to press the wings of the nose to the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum and strain, exhaling air).

These actions improve the air conduction of the auditory tube and help improve blood circulation.

Self-purging of the ears is contraindicated, in which air is introduced through the Eustachian tube into the middle ear cavity using a balloon. It is carried out under the direct visual control of an ENT doctor using an otoscope.

It is possible to blow the auditory tube only after the introduction of vasoconstrictor drugs (containing adrenaline) into its initial, pharyngeal section. These drugs dramatically reduce the swelling of the mucosa and allow the catheter to be inserted directly into the auditory tube in order to free it from the resulting inflammatory mucous secretion.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy allows you to accelerate the processes of resorption and restoration of normal mucosa. Apply:

• ultraviolet irradiation;
• UHF (ultra high frequency therapy) on the nose area;
• laser therapy of the pharyngeal region of the auditory tube;
• air massage of the eardrum to improve its mobility.

With timely diagnosis and adequate treatment, acute tubo-otitis will resolve within 1-2 weeks. In a chronic process, therapy may be longer. If tubo-otitis does not go away,
then it is necessary to pay attention to the possibility of the presence of factors that support chronic eustachitis.

First of all, foci of infection in the nose, mouth and paranasal sinuses. Only the full and careful implementation of all doctor's prescriptions can help recovery from acute tubo-otitis and achieve maximum compensation and prevent progression in a chronic process.

Ear diseases cause serious discomfort and disrupt the normal rhythm of life. One of the most common diseases is acute tubo-otitis. It is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the middle ear and the Eustachian tube at the same time. The disease often affects children, but it is also observed in adults in the presence of predisposing factors.

If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, then it becomes chronic and regularly reminds of itself with exacerbations.

Causes

Due to the connection of the auditory canals with the nasopharynx, an infection from the throat or sinuses, with a weakened immune system, can easily get into the Eustachian tube, and from there into the middle ear. In children, the disease occurs more often due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure (short direct auditory canal) and not yet fully formed immunity.

The main causes of the appearance of pathology are as follows:

• bacterial lesions of the upper respiratory tract - the infection very easily penetrates into the middle ear with improper blowing of the nose or active flow of mucus (snot) along the back wall of the larynx;
• viral lesions of the nasopharynx - similar to the previous one;
• a sharp jump in atmospheric pressure - occurs during a dive under water or when an airplane takes off. At this point, there is a violation of the circulation in the nasopharynx, and mucus can overflow into the Eustachian tube;
• an allergic reaction accompanied by intense rhinitis - in pathology, there is a pronounced edema of the tissues of the nasopharynx, which, if untreated, passes to the auditory canals, causing tubo-otitis as a complication;
• mechanical factors of a pathological nature, blocking or squeezing the auditory tube - because of this, there is a violation of the circulation of air and mucus, which leads to infection and inflammation.

There are also factors that predispose to the appearance of pathology. They reduce immunity and cause disease in adults:

• chronic sleep deprivation - when sleeping less than 8 hours a day, the body experiences increasing chronic overwork, which significantly reduces the body's ability to resist disease. As a result, the activity of pathogenic bacteria in the nasopharynx increases and the risk of their entry into the Eustachian tube increases;
• severe stress - at the time of the peak of stress, immunity drops to extremely low levels, and acute tubo-otitis can appear even in the absence of acute inflammation in the nasopharynx;
• non-compliance with the rules of oral hygiene - with the active development of bacteria on the teeth and gums, the likelihood of their entry into the auditory tube increases;
• smoking - tobacco smoke, penetrating into the nasopharynx, damages not only its mucous membrane, but also the mucous membrane of the beginning of the auditory tube. Gradually, such chemical injury leads to inflammation, which spreads to the middle ear;
• nasopharyngeal injuries - inflammation develops in the damaged areas if left untreated. It leads to a decrease in local immunity and increases the risk of infection of the Eustachian tube.

Regardless of the cause, the pathology manifests itself in the same way. Knowing its symptoms and treatment, you can solve the problem in a short time without risking a complication.

Symptoms

The disease can be unilateral or bilateral. It depends on whether the symptoms appear in only one ear or immediately in 2 ears. If the inflammatory process is left-sided, then the symptoms will appear only on the left side. The pathology manifests itself as follows:

• congestion in the ears (or one ear with one-sided disease);
• sensations of fluid flow during head movements;
• severe pain - occurs in children and rarely adults;
• fever is predominantly a childhood symptom;
• autophony - speaking, the patient hears an echo of his own voice from the inside in the inflamed ear;
• hearing loss;
• pronounced noise, resembling a splash;
• persistent heaviness in the head;
• a feeling of fullness in the ear due to internal pressure.

Even acute bilateral tubo-otitis is not dangerous when you see a doctor with the first symptoms. Delay in treatment causes complications.

Effects

Tubootitis in acute form without therapy leads to complications. Inflammation in the ear can be caused by the following:

• irreversible hearing loss;
• destruction of the auditory ossicles by pus;
• penetration of infection into the brain with the development of meningitis or encephalitis;
• penetration of pus into the blood - causes sepsis, which leads to death in 80%
• cases, even in emergency situations.

Chronic tubootitis is a complication of acute tubootitis. With it, a gradual thinning of the eardrum occurs, which leads to deafness.

Diagnostics

The signs of the disease are familiar to the doctor, so he easily determines tubo-otitis. The diagnosis is based on the results of the examination and complaints of the patient. Otoscopy is a painless procedure, but it can be frightening for a child because an instrument is inserted into the ear for examination.

If necessary, carry out the determination of hearing loss and mobility of the eardrum. Depending on the degree of inflammation, treatment is prescribed.

Pharmaceutical therapy

Therapeutic measures are aimed at 4 goals at once. Prescribe drugs that produce the following actions:

• elimination of pathogenic bacteria;
• removal of edema;
• elimination of inflammation;
• normalization of the patency of the auditory tube;
• boosting immunity.

To get rid of bacteria, antibiotics for oral use or injections are indicated. The most effective Amoxiclav and Azithromycin.

If the disease is caused by a virus, then antibiotics are useless and an antiviral drug is selected. Fungi are rarely the cause of tubo-otitis, but when they are detected, treatment is carried out by means of directed action directly against them.

Removal of edema and restoration of patency is achieved through the use of vasoconstrictors and the introduction of adrenaline into the auditory tube. For allergies, antiallergic drugs are indicated.

The inflammatory process is removed with the help of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen, Analgin and Paracetamol are prescribed.

To strengthen the immune system, immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes should be used.
Adults are treated on an outpatient basis. Children under 7 years of age are subject to hospitalization.

Surgery

The operation is necessary if the disease is caused by a pathological mechanical effect. In a patient in such a situation, adenoids, polyps are removed or the nasal septum is corrected. An operation is indicated when conservative methods of treatment have not yielded results.

The operation is not considered traumatic and dangerous. It is easily tolerated by patients, and recovery after it takes a minimum of time. The period of hospitalization in children is longer than in adults.

procedural treatment

Therapeutic procedures are carried out to accelerate the restoration of the patency of the auditory tube, especially if acute bilateral tubo-otitis occurs. When the disease is shown:

• hardware pneumomassage - with the help of the device, the membrane is actively influenced by alternating pressure;
• blowing - during the procedure, washing and processing are carried out medicines local impact of the auditory tube;
• physiotherapy.

Procedures are prescribed exclusively by a doctor, with severe damage. They are also carried out when there is right-sided tubo-otitis or left-sided.

Alternative treatment

Alternative therapy is used only in addition to drug treatment. Herbal preparations sometimes cause allergies, which must be taken into account. Home remedies are:

1. Aloe (agave) - the juice of the plant has an effective anti-inflammatory effect. After cutting the sheet, sharp side spikes are removed from it and a piece is inserted into the ear. Leave it for 12 hours. The sheet must be inserted carefully so as not to injure tissues that have become too sensitive.
2. Drops from agave juice - used for tubo-otitis caused by rhinitis. Juice is squeezed out of the leaf and combined with boiled water in a ratio of 1: 1. The medicine is instilled into the nose after 4 hours. Turunda soaked in pure juice is placed in the ear. Treatment - 2 weeks.
3. Tea tree essential oil blended with olive oil. In 1 tbsp. olive oil, add 4 drops of essential oil and, after mixing, soak the cotton turunda with the composition. She is introduced into sore ear and leave for 10 hours. It is convenient to do the procedure at night. Treatment is not stopped until the symptoms disappear completely.
4. Calendula - a water infusion is prepared, bay 1 tbsp. raw materials 1 cup boiling water. After cooling, the product is filtered. Cotton turunda is impregnated with it and injected into the ear. Leave it for 2 hours. The antiseptic properties of marigolds are detrimental to bacteria, fungi and a number of viruses.
5. Geranium leaf - it is cut from the plant and, rinsed with boiled water, dried with a napkin. After the leaflet is crumpled in the hands and, rolled up into a tube, is injected into the sore ear. It is left for 4 hours. The juice of the plant has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. If pain is felt, he relieves it.
6. Propolis - a beekeeping product fights inflammation of the middle ear and Eustachian tube, improving the patient's condition in a short time. Cotton wool is impregnated with an aqueous infusion of propolis and placed in a sore ear overnight. Treatment is carried out until the symptoms disappear.
7. Honey, like propolis, destroys inflammation provocateurs. A cotton turunda is moistened in a liquid product and placed in the ear overnight. If the burning sensation is unbearable, refuse the medicine.

On the use of traditional medicine, you must first consult with your doctor. If he objected, they should not be used.

Prevention

Prevention helps reduce the risk of disease by 70%. To stay healthy you need:

• treatment of diseases of the nasopharynx;
• treatment of diseased teeth;
• taking drugs to strengthen the immune system;
• hardening;
• compliance with the rules of oral hygiene.

The appearance of symptoms of the disease requires an urgent visit to the doctor.

Tubootitis is a serious disease that should not be ignored. Undertreated pathology threatens with serious consequences, leading even to disability. Children are prone to tubo-otitis, and parents should pay attention to their health

To perceive sound vibrations, air must approach the eardrum from the outside and inside. In this way, pressure is balanced, without which the normal conversion of sound into nerve impulses is impossible.

The external auditory canal becomes inflamed quite rarely, and the internal (or Eustachian tube) is at risk of disease even due to the common cold. And in this case, otolaryngologists talk about the development of eustachitis.

Eustachitis - What is it?

Eustachitis is an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube and the cavity of the eardrum. Among doctors, the disease is also known under the names of tubo-otitis and salpingo-otitis.

The internal auditory canal has a small diameter (up to 2 mm), so the slightest violation of its patency affects the functioning of the hearing organs.

Often, the pathological process also affects the cavity of the tympanic membrane itself, in which the auditory ossicles are located: the hammer, anvil and stirrup - and this, in turn, provokes otitis media.

Causes

Doctors identify 2 main causes of inflammation of the Eustachian tube:

1. Infection.
2. Allergy.

In the first case, eustachitis develops due to the vital activity of pathogenic microorganisms. They enter the ear canal from the upper respiratory tract (nose, nasopharynx) with tonsillitis, influenza, rhinitis, etc. However, this does not always happen.

The provoking factor, as a rule, is the delay in the treatment of the underlying disease. In addition, there is a high probability of infection of the Eustachian tube and with improper blowing.

It is allowed to empty the nasal cavity only when one nostril is closed with a finger, and if 2 nostrils are blocked at once, the snot (along with microbes) will rush into the internal auditory canal, which will cause an ailment.

Often, eustachitis occurs due to allergies: exposure to various irritants increases the synthesis of histamines, which contribute to the development of edema. And if the patency is disturbed, the pressure balance changes and, as a result, the eardrum is pulled inward. With this course of events, it is the allergic reaction that needs to be eliminated in the first place.

Symptoms of Eustachitis according to the forms of manifestation

With a sharp narrowing and inflammation of the auditory tube, acute eustachitis develops with characteristic symptoms:

1. Feeling of fullness and ringing in the ears.
2. Enhanced perception of one's own voice.
3. Sensation of fluid in the ear.
4. Pain syndrome(usually - at atmospheric pressure drops).
5. Hearing loss.
6. Elevated temperature.

Restriction of the mobility of the tympanic membrane will affect hearing loss by 20-30 dB in the low frequency range.

With the infectious nature of the disease, it is possible to increase the temperature and accumulate transudate in the Eustachian tube - a specific discharge, which at first includes only proteins and liquid, and in the later stages - leukocytes and lymphocytes. In addition, the vital activity of pathogenic microbes leads to suppuration, which is fraught with additional complication in the form of otitis.

With insufficient or untimely treatment, the development of chronic eustachitis is likely, in which the situation is significantly aggravated and the symptoms are supplemented by pathological changes:

1. The eardrum atrophies, becomes cloudy, and in some places perforation appears.
2. Persistent narrowing of the auditory tube.
3. Severe deafness.

Diagnostics

Modern medicine copes with eustachitis without much difficulty, the symptoms and treatment of which are closely interconnected. The first task of an otolaryngologist is to establish the cause and nature of the disease.

This can be done using the following diagnostic methods:

1. Otoscopy. The tympanic membrane is examined with special instruments.

2. Audiometry. Detect changes in perception sound waves significant range.

3. Assess the condition of the Eustachian tube.

4. Conduct a subjective study:

• Valsalva test (the patient is asked to close his mouth and nose while exhaling);
• Toynbee test (the patient is asked to swallow hard with the nostrils clamped).

5. Swabs are taken to identify the cause of the disease (allergy or infection).

The patient's feelings subjective research important as an initial diagnosis. Of course, not every person will accurately describe what is happening, but a cursory description will be enough for the doctor.

In particular, if a crack occurs in the ears on exhalation, this is normal, and if there is gurgling or squeaking, there are violations in the auditory organs.

When eustachitis is confirmed by instrumental methods, treatment is prescribed immediately and, as a rule, complex, since the cause of the disease often lies in inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.

To eliminate the infection from the auditory tube, vasoconstrictors (Sanorin, Nazivin) and general antibacterial drugs are injected directly into the passage.

If the disease is caused by a reaction to irritants, then the patient will need antihistamines (Claritin, Suprastin). By the way, the allergenic type of the disease is treated longer than the infectious one.

The disease can affect both one ear and two, which is fraught with complications in the form of bilateral hearing loss. Drops with Eustachitis are used in without fail, but oral tablets are also recommended.

In general, the therapeutic course is specified by the otolaryngologist after complete examination sick.

With eustachitis, home treatment is ineffective. And if the patient refuses hospitalization or regular visits to the hospital, then the disease may well become chronic. The fact is that in clinical conditions, doctors prescribe additional measures to combat the disease:

• physiotherapy (UHF, microwaves);
• glucocorticoid hormones and proteolytic enzymes are injected through the catheter to liquefy the transudate;
• if there is no exacerbation, then blowing and pneumomassage are allowed to remove the transudate;
• if necessary, perform electrical stimulation of the muscles of the Eustachian tube.

Conclusion

Unilateral or bilateral eustachitis may occur due to the common cold. There are effective means in the arsenal of ENT doctors, but measures should not be shelved, since the disease can lead to atrophy of the eardrum and hearing loss.

Eustachitis code in ICD 10

AT International classification diseases of the 10th revision (ICD 10) eustachitis is designated as inflammation of the Eustachian tube and is under the code:

H65-H75 - Disorders of the middle ear and mastoid process

H68- Inflammation and blockage of the Eustachian tube

• H68.0 - Inflammation of the Eustachian tube
• H68.1 Eustachian tube obstruction
• H69 - Other disorders of Eustachian tube

H69- Other diseases of the Eustachian tube

• H69.0 Gaping eustachian tube
• H69.8 - Other specified disorders of eustachian tube
• H69.9 Disease of eustachian tube, unspecified

Tubootitis is an inflammatory disease in which the eustachian tube is affected. Tissues undergo pathological changes, as a result of which hearing is impaired. Tubootitis is one of the stages of catarrhal otitis. In this case, there is a violation of the ventilation of the middle ear.

This opens up free access for bacteria to spread deeply. If you do not start adequate therapy, then otitis media occurs. It already leads to more serious symptoms and the development of severe complications.

You can recognize tubo-otitis by such a sign as hearing loss. The inflammatory process can be both unilateral and bilateral. In acute course, the following clinical picture is noted:

• ear congestion;
• hearing impairment;
• noise in the ear;
• gurgling when swallowing;
• heaviness in the head, which, when turned, gives the impression of an iridescent liquid;
• resonation of the voice in the ear.

Terms of treatment

In the normal course of the pathological process in an adult, the duration of therapy is 1-2 weeks. But there are situations when sometimes it comes to a month.

With an inflammatory lesion of the auditory tube, the doctor may include local drugs in the treatment regimen. They can be injected into the pipe itself.

To perform such manipulations, you must be present in the hospital, since the doctor must perform all activities on an outpatient basis.

As a rule, glucocorticosteroids are injected into the auditory tube.

Glucocorticosteroids

They can be in the format of a solution, the purpose of which is to stop the inflammatory process. They can also use proteolytic enzymes to thin the edematous fluid.

In addition, the doctor will prescribe the following medications:

1. The use of drops with a vasoconstrictor effect. They effectively cope with swelling of the auditory tube. The most effective are Sanorin, Nazivin (but this article will help you understand what Nazivin drops look like for children) and Otrivin.
2. Boric alcohol should be dripped into the ear. It will reduce unpleasant symptoms and at the same time disinfect the inflamed area.

   Boric alcohol

3. Ear blowing, pneumomassage. The purpose of these procedures is to remove serous fluid from the auditory tube.

   Ear pneumomassage

4. Use of sprays with deep corticosteroids. They irrigate the nasal cavity to reduce inflammation. Nasonex is most often used (but this article will help you understand how to use Nasonex nasal spray for allergies).

   Nasonex

5. Use of immunomodulators. They increase the body's immunity. Such drugs as Poludan, Immunorix, Amiksin are considered effective (but this article will help you understand how to take Amiksin for the flu) and Taktivin.
6. Antibacterial drugs for severe course disease. Thanks to them, it is possible to eliminate the cause of the pathological process and prevent it from turning into a purulent form. The most commonly used drugs are macrolides and penicillins.
7. Physiotherapy. It is used as an addition to the main treatment. Thanks to physiotherapy, it is possible to improve the effect of medications and bring recovery closer. Microcurrents, magnetotherapy, UHF, laser treatment and electrical stimulation are considered effective.

   Physiotherapy for the ears

To restore intra-ear pressure, it is necessary to use such simple and effective exercises:

• move the tongue, making movements back and forth;
• to yawn;
• move the lower jaw left and right;
• just swallow with your mouth closed;
• inhale the air of one nostril, and exhale through the other;
• inhale air with a closed nose;
• use chewing gum.

If therapy for acute inflammation was started on early stage, then the patient will fully recover in 6-7 days.

In the chronic form of pathology, the effectiveness of therapeutic measures depends on the degree of hearing loss, as well as on the timely detection of the cause of tubo-otitis development.

You may also be interested to know which is the best antibiotic for otitis media in adults, you can find out from the article.

Unconventional

AT traditional medicine there are many effective recipes that help cure tubo-otitis.

They can only be used in combination with the main treatment and after consulting a doctor.

If tubo-otitis is of an allergic origin, then non-traditional methods should be used with a special approach. The following recipes remain the most effective:

1. Take a large onion, cut off the upper part, put cumin seeds there and cover with the top of the head. Now wrap the vegetable in foil and place in the oven for baking. Now you can squeeze the juice from the onion, and chop the onion itself. The liquid is used as drops for the ear, performing the procedure 3 times a day. If bilateral tubo-otitis was diagnosed, then the manipulation should be performed alternately. You may also be interested to know how you can use milk with onions for a cold.
2. Melissa tincture. To prepare it, you need to use vodka. Take 20 g of raw materials and add a glass of vodka. Before mixing the products, the lemon balm must be finely chopped. Infuse it for 14 days. And filter before use.
3. Air ordinary. It can help you restore your hearing. It is necessary to pour 20 g of raw materials with 200 ml of water. Boil on low heat for half an hour. Filter, add the missing amount of water. Take 20 g of decoction 2-3 times a day.
4. Healing mixture. Mix 5 g of propolis, 10 g of honey, 15 ml of cocoa butter, 20 ml of calendula juice and 30 ml of sea buckthorn oil. In the resulting composition, moisten a cotton swab and insert into the ear canal. Keep there 20 minutes.
5. Propolis and vegetable oil. Combine 30% propolis tincture and vegetable oil in a ratio of 1:4. The resulting emulsion is suitable for tampons. It must be shaken before use. Then moisten a cotton pad, form a swab out of it and place it in the ear canal. The duration of the procedure is 8-10 hours. Carry out such events for 7-10 days. But how is the treatment of polyps in the nose with propolis, this information will help to understand.

As for the use of badger or hare fat, it is forbidden to use them in the treatment of tubo-otitis. Any fat will clog the ear canal, so there will be no benefit from such a treatment.

Treatment during pregnancy

Therapeutic measures to eliminate tubo-otitis in pregnant women include the use of blowing. For this procedure, a special olive is used.

It is introduced into the vestibule of the nose, and a tube with a rubber pear is attached to it.

Having performed a sharp pressing of the pear, air penetrates through the second half of the nose and, due to the increase in pressure, it is possible to open the auditory tube.

Even during pregnancy, pneumomassage of the eardrum can be prescribed. Its essence is that there is a thickening and thinning of the air in the external auditory canal.

Manipulation must be carried out using a special apparatus. After 1-2 weeks, it is possible to completely restore the patency of the auditory tube, as well as remove the fluid from the middle ear.

But what drops in the ears with otitis media are the most effective, is described in great detail in this article.

Tubootitis in adults is also a widely diagnosed disease, as among children. Only adults rarely seek medical help, resulting in a chronic process or severe complications.

Source: http://ProLor.ru/u/bolezni/otit/lechenie-tubootita-u-vzroslyx.html

Tubootitis and its forms

Tubootitis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the auditory (Eustachian) tube and tympanic cavity.
Tubootitis is sometimes called eustachitis.

But, to be precise, eustachitis is an inflammation of the auditory tube, accompanied by its narrowing and impaired air permeability.

Inflammation quickly spreads to the middle ear, causing otitis media.

Therefore, inflammation that occurs simultaneously in the middle ear and the auditory tube is called tubootitis or salpingo-otitis, and eustachitis is more often considered its initial stage. The treatment of tubo-otitis is complex, aimed at stopping inflammatory processes in both the ear canal and the middle ear.

Causes

The auditory tube, which is made up of bone and cartilage tissue and lined with mucous membrane, connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear.

Accordingly, when the infectious focus is localized in the upper respiratory tract, pathogenic microorganisms easily enter the auditory tube, and then into the tympanic cavity.

The most common causes of tubootitis are:

• diseases of the upper respiratory tract in acute and chronic form - rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis (causative agents are more often bacteria - pneumococci, streptococci, staphylococci);
• swelling of the mucous membranes caused by allergies (tubo-otitis can be a consequence of allergic rhinitis);
• mechanical overlap of the nasopharyngeal mouth with structural anomalies (adenoids, polyps, tumors, hypertrophy of the inferior turbinates, deformity of the nasal septum).

Less commonly, tubo-otitis in adults occurs after:

• nasal tamponade;
• dental procedures that provoke increased salivation;
• barotrauma caused by a sharp change in atmospheric pressure.

The ear canal in children is straighter and shorter than in adults. Accordingly, children are more predisposed to the development of tubo-otitis.

People experience changes in atmospheric pressure most often when traveling by air. Therefore, tubootitis, which occurs against the background of barotrauma, is isolated into a separate form - aerootitis

Typically, the patient has the following symptoms of tubo-otitis:

• congestion in one ear (left-sided or right-sided tubo-otitis) or both ears (bilateral inflammation);
• noise in ears;
• feeling of heaviness in the head;
• autophony (an echo of one's own voice in the affected ear);
• a feeling of fluid transfusion inside the ear (especially when moving the head);
• hearing impairment.

With tubo-otitis, pain does not occur, the temperature does not rise, and the general well-being of the patient does not worsen.

Forms of the disease

By the nature of the course of inflammatory processes, tubo-otitis (ICB code 10 - H68) is acute and chronic. Acute inflammation is accompanied by the symptoms listed above. With timely and competent treatment, inflammation can be stopped in a few days.

If the patency of the auditory tube is not restored, the fluid stagnates in the middle ear cavity and becomes a favorable environment for the development of bacteria.

As a result, exudative otitis media turns into purulent inflammation, which is much less treatable.

Untimely or incorrect treatment of an acute process contributes to its transition to a chronic form.

Especially dangerous is chronic tubotympanal purulent otitis media, in which purulent processes last longer than 2-3 weeks.

Inflammation is accompanied by fever, bloody discharge from the ear, dizziness, can lead to infection bone tissue skull, brain.

Often, a mild form of tubo-otitis can be cured only by treating the underlying disease that caused inflammation in the structures of the ear.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of acute tubo-otitis is made by an otorhinolaryngologist based on a visual examination (otoscopy) and an analysis of the patient's complaints. Audiometry is also performed, which allows to detect hearing impairment and tympanometry, which determines the mobility of the eardrum.

The chronic process during periods of exacerbation is accompanied by similar clinical manifestations. At the stage of remission, chronic tubo-otitis can only be detected by visual examination. In this case, the following symptoms are diagnosed:

• retraction and deformation of the eardrum;
• redness of the mucous membrane of the auditory tube (its individual sections);
• narrowing of the lumen of the auditory tube.

Irreversible hearing loss is another clear sign of chronic tubo-otitis.

With tubo-otitis, ear congestion occasionally resolves and hearing improves with swallowing or yawning.

Treatment of tubootitis is carried out in a complex, includes:

• suppression of infection in the upper respiratory tract;
• reduction of inflammation and swelling;
• restoration of patency of the auditory tube;
• strengthening immunity.

To combat pathogens, preparations for internal use are prescribed (tablets, capsules, suspensions, in severe cases - injections):

How to cure otitis media

• antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Azithromycin) and sulfa drugs - with a bacterial infection;
• antiviral drugs- in the case of the viral nature of inflammation;
• antifungal medicines - to treat inflammation caused by fungi.

Eliminate swelling of mucous membranes helps:

• the use of vasoconstrictor nasal drops and sprays (Sanorin, Galazolin, Tizin, Otrivin);
• introduction into the auditory tube of adrenaline, hydrocortisone suspension (carried out by the method of catheterization);
• ingestion of antihistamines (Cetrin, Suprastin).

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can also be used to reduce inflammatory processes, and immunostimulants and vitamin-mineral complexes are prescribed to strengthen the immune system.

With the allergic nature of tubootitis, it is first necessary to treat the allergy. In this case, desensitizing therapy is carried out, antihistamines are prescribed.

A prerequisite for the successful treatment of allergic tubo-otitis is the identification of the allergen and the elimination of contact with it (if possible)

Treatment of the disease in adults is carried out at home. To restore the patency and functions of the auditory tube, the doctor may additionally prescribe the following procedures:

• blowing the auditory tube, washing it and irrigating it with drugs;
• hardware pneumomassage (impact of variable pressure on the eardrum);
• physiotherapy (magnetotherapy, UHF, UFO, impulse currents, laser therapy).

The procedures are performed by an otorhinolaryngologist in a polyclinic. In addition to them, at home, you can carry out the following manipulations:

• periodic pressing on the cartilaginous process of the auricle - the effect of light pneumomassage is created;
• exhalation of air through the nose with the nasal passages clamped with fingers - air pressure from the inside contributes to the opening of the auditory tube;
• making movements that mimic yawning.

Surgery

If the disease is provoked by structural abnormalities, surgery corresponding pathology - removal of adenoids, polyps, correction of the shape of the nasal septum and others. Also, surgical therapy can be prescribed if the drug treatment of tubo-otitis has not been effective.

Folk remedies

Cure tubo-otitis by applying only folk remedies, will fail. However, collecting medicinal plants will help alleviate unpleasant symptoms and speed up recovery.

Herbal infusions are taken orally several times a day and used topically - cotton turundas soaked in medicinal infusion are placed in the ears.

To prepare the infusion, the herbal collection is poured with boiling water, infused for at least 5-7 hours, then filtered.

In the treatment of tubootitis, herbal preparations are used, consisting of equal parts:

• chamomile flowers, blueberry stalks, anise seeds, St. John's wort, burdock root and knotweed pepper (a tablespoon of the collection is brewed with a glass of boiling water);
• mint, St. John's wort, coriander fruits, lingonberry and birch leaves, viburnum bark (30 g of collection per 700 ml of liquid);
• dandelion roots, eucalyptus leaves, celandine grass, yarrow, lavender (3 tablespoons pour a liter of boiling water).

Others help to cure otitis media and inflammation of the auditory tube. herbal remedies with bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties:

1. Fresh aloe juice. Strain the juice, dilute with water in equal proportions, use for instillation of the nose (3-5 drops in each nasal passage every 4 hours) or for soaking cotton turundas placed in the ear. The course of treatment is 14-20 days.
2. Onion juice. It is used for instillation into the nose. If a strong burning sensation occurs when instilling the nose, the juice must be diluted with water. You can also heat a small piece of onion in a water bath, wrap it in a bandage and place it in the ear canal for 30 minutes. Treatment with onion juice is recommended for chronic inflammation. The course of treatment is a month.
3. Garlic oil. Grind the head of garlic in a blender. Add 100-120 ml to the garlic gruel sunflower oil, insist 10-12 days, shaking occasionally. Strain, add a few drops of glycerin. Bury the ear with the resulting composition.
4. Tea tree oil. Mix a tablespoon of olive oil with 4 drops of tea tree oil. Cotton turundas soaked in the product, insert into the ear at night.

Complications

If the disease is not properly treated, catarrhal inflammation turns into a purulent form, which in the future can provoke the following complications:

• damage to the eardrum and the release of purulent contents to the outside;
• destruction of bone structures (walls of the tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles) and adhesive processes leading to persistent hearing loss;
• the spread of infection in the brain;
• generalized sepsis, threatening not only the health, but also the life of the patient.

Acute tubo-otitis can also become chronic.

Frequent exacerbations lead to the fact that the symptoms of the disease become permanent, the eardrum becomes thinner, and adhesions begin in the tympanic cavity.

The result is irreversible partial hearing loss or complete hearing loss. Untimely treatment of chronic tubo-otitis can lead to deafness.

It is important not only to properly treat tubo-otitis, but also to eliminate risk factors that contribute to the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Reviews

Reviews about the treatment of tubootitis are different. In some cases, the disease was managed quickly, while other patients treated tubo-otitis for a long time.

It all depends on the timeliness of contacting the doctor, the correctness of the diagnosis and medical prescriptions, the individual susceptibility of the body to the drugs used.

Tatyana:
What is tubootitis, I know firsthand. The condition is very bad.

In order to prevent exacerbations, I immediately begin to drip vasoconstrictor drops into my nose when a runny nose appears. Dry heat and instillation of garlic oil into the ear also helps.

Lor also advised chewing gum. In this way, I have so far managed to avoid relapses.

Marina:
The child was diagnosed with tubo-otitis at the age of 3 years. Before that, we had colds without a runny nose, but our ears were blocked, and our hearing worsened (while our ears did not hurt).

It turned out that our tubootitis developed against the background of enlarged adenoids. The ENT recommended not to remove the adenoids, but to wait until 4 years. As a result, the adenoids stopped growing, the lumen of the auditory tube opened.

Now we have a cold accompanied by the usual runny nose, ears do not pawn, hearing does not deteriorate.

Evgeniya:
I suffered with tubo-otitis for 3 months, my hearing was very bad, and finally I went to the ENT. I had my eardrum pierced twice.

Every day they did blowing, pneumomassage, electrophoresis. For the treatment of the common cold, Nasonex was prescribed. She also took antibiotics, Sinupret, Erespal.

The process was not fast, but it was possible to recover.

Tubootitis is a rather serious disease, dangerous for its complications. But with proper and timely treatment, it is possible to eliminate inflammatory processes quite quickly.

That is why you do not need to engage in amateur activities. If you have any symptoms of inflammation and hearing loss, you should immediately consult a doctor.

The doctor will prescribe competent therapy, which will help prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Source: http://SuperLOR.ru/bolezni/tubootit-formy

Treatment and symptoms of tubootitis

Tubootitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the Eustachian tube, accompanied by diffuse inflammation of the tympanic cavity.

The development of tubo-otitis, as a rule, is preceded by the appearance of acute respiratory infections, during which the infection from the nasopharyngeal mucosa penetrates into the auditory tube.

Predisposing factors for the development of the disease include:

• adenoids;
• tumor diseases of the nasopharynx;
• anomalies in the structure of the nasopharynx and hearing organs.

The auditory tube is necessary to normalize the pressure in the middle ear cavity. It connects the tympanic cavity and the nasopharynx, due to which the pressure inside the cavity always remains equal to atmospheric pressure.

With the development of tubootitis, the auditory tube is clogged, as a result of which the tympanic cavity is hermetically closed. All the main symptoms of this disease are associated with this condition.

Causes

The main cause of tubootitis is infection. Due to the structure of the auditory tube and connection with the nasopharynx, even a minor respiratory disease can lead to its inflammation.

Rhinitis is dangerous because when it appears, the nasopharyngeal mucosa begins to swell and leads to blockage of the Eustachian tube.

As a result, fluid stagnation occurs in the tympanic cavity and the growth of infectious microorganisms begins.

With increased production and outflow of mucus from the nose with rhinitis, even blowing your nose can cause it to be thrown into the Eustachian tube.

In addition, the absence of an outlet leads to a decrease in pressure in the tympanic cavity and retraction of the tympanic membrane.

Other causes of eustachitis are:

• allergic reactions;
• sinusitis (including sinusitis);
• hyperproduction of mucus and saliva during dental interventions;
• tobacco smoking and exposure to other gases.

The high-risk group includes:

• pupils of kindergartens (more prone to contagious colds transmitted by airborne droplets);
• people who abruptly changed their place of residence to another climatic region, including those with a significant change in altitude;
• inhabitants of cold climatic zones;
• persons with a hereditary predisposition to infectious diseases and diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
• children on artificial feeding, refusal of a pacifier;
• patients who have recently had an ear infection;
• persons with a general decrease in immunity.

Symptoms of tubootitis

Due to the failure of the pressure regulation mechanism inside the tympanic cavity, the main symptoms of tubo-otitis are auditory disturbances. Patient complaints include:

When examined by an ENT doctor, the tympanic membrane is retracted into the cavity, as well as swelling of the nasal mucosa. The disease proceeds slowly, with a gradual increase in symptoms characteristic of an ear infection.

The initial manifestations are characterized by mild ear congestion and are not recognized as a sign of a serious illness.

The lack of timely treatment started leads to an increase in the severity of inflammation and the accumulation of fluid in the tympanic cavity.

The accumulating fluid is a favorable environment for the growth and reproduction of bacteria, which lead to suppuration in the affected area and the development of adhesions between the auditory ossicles. As a result, a mild infectious disease leads to permanent hearing loss.

Suppuration of the exudate leads to the development of acute purulent otitis media, which is dangerous for possible perforation of the membrane or bone walls of the tympanic cavity with the spread of the process to the mastoid process or to the brain.

A ruptured eardrum is indicated by a green liquid leaking from the ear.

Hearing loss in tubootitis can also occur as sensorineural hearing loss.

This condition is caused by prolonged negative pressure in the tympanic cavity, which irritates the cochlea, which leads to degenerative changes in the auditory nerve fibers.

In children, symptoms of inflammation of the auditory tube can manifest as increased irritability and causeless crying. Most children with a middle ear infection have a fever and sleep disturbance.

Tinnitus and headache are symptoms of tubo-otitis

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is established on the basis of a general examination. The middle ear is examined by a doctor using a special instrument called an otoscope. Symptoms of eustachitis during otoscopy are:

• areas of redness in the area under study;
• air bubbles or fluid behind the eardrum;
• bloody discharge in the middle ear;
• a hole (perforation) in the eardrum.

For patients with a previous middle ear infection, an additional hearing test is indicated.

Treatment

Mild forms of diseases are resolved independently, without the use of drugs.

In some cases, analgesics are used to relieve symptoms, otherwise, the immune system deal with the infection on their own.

For anti-inflammatory purposes, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (paracetamol, ibuprofen) are prescribed. Aspirin is used only in adults.

To relieve swelling, antihistamines are used, as well as topical vasoconstrictors (nasal drops).

Enzymatic preparations and hormonal agents (glucocorticoids) are introduced into the tympanic cavity and auditory tube through a catheter to relieve swelling and resorption of the accumulated fluid.

If against the background of symptomatic treatment there is a negative trend, and the symptoms of the disease become more severe, it is necessary to make a decision to start antibacterial treatment.

Treatment of tubootitis with antibiotics is carried out in patients with a bacterial infection. If the inflammation is caused by a virus, the appointment of antibacterial drugs is inappropriate.

In this case, amoxicillin is prescribed. In the absence of a positive effect from taking it within 2-3 days, it is necessary to replace it with a drug of another group (azithromycin, cefuroxime, amoxiclav).

When the condition improves and remission is achieved, physiotherapy is prescribed, including ear blowing and pneumomassage. This will remove any remaining fluid from the middle ear cavity.

Electromyostimulation is used to restore muscle tone in the walls of the auditory tube.

Surgery

If conservative treatment does not lead to a positive result, and the disease continues to progress, surgical treatment may be necessary. It consists in installing special ear catheters that ensure the outflow of fluid from the tympanic cavity.

The tube is inserted and fixed through a small incision in the eardrum. The operation is performed under general anesthesia. After a while, the tubes fall out on their own.

If this does not happen, your attending physician can remove them during a preventive examination. Also, surgical treatment is necessary for patients with adenoiditis.

Enlarged adenoids are one of the causes of tubo-otitis, and their removal leads to an improvement in the patient's condition.

Treatment is prescribed only after a doctor's examination.

Forecast

Middle ear infection has a positive prognosis if treated promptly. If the patient has suppuration of the accumulated transudate, then the likelihood of hearing loss increases significantly.

Perforation of the tympanic membrane and the development of complications significantly worsens the prognosis.

Complications such as generalized infection (sepsis) and meningitis are life-threatening conditions and require the immediate initiation of intensive care.

To prevent the recurrence of tubootitis, it is necessary to avoid excessive use of antibiotics and maintain the normal functioning of the immune system.

Rejection bad habits is also an integral part of the prevention infectious diseases middle ear.

StopOtitis.ru » Tubootitis

Source: http://StopOtit.ru/tubootit.html

What is dangerous eustachitis: symptoms, signs, treatment, causes of the disease

Eustachitis has several different manifestations, and the essence of this disease is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the auditory tube.

This is one of the components of the middle ear, and any inflammatory process in close proximity to the brain is fraught with serious complications.

In order not to miss its beginning, it is desirable to know everything about this disease.

Clinical picture of eustachitis

Violation of the ventilation of the Eustachian tube associated with edema due to the inflammatory process leads to hearing loss. Initially, it may look like wax plugs, but as the disease progresses, more severe symptoms appear.

Decrease in hearing acuity and distortion of sound perception are associated with a change in pressure on the eardrum with a swollen or not blown Eustachian tube.

The membrane loses the necessary mobility, ceases to fully vibrate, causing distortion of the sound itself and its volume, but hearing problems are not the only symptom of the disease.

Symptoms and methods of diagnosing the disease in adults

Due to the structural features of the auditory tube, the disease in adults manifests itself brighter and progresses faster. The first symptom, namely hearing loss, is ignored by many until other signs appear. All of them are specific in the initial stages of the disease, they are also not immediately given due attention.

In addition to hearing loss, eustachitis can have the following symptoms:

• Blockage in one or both ears
• Rapid hearing loss
• Echo (resonance) of one's own voice
• Feeling of heaviness or pressure on the affected side
• The appearance of extraneous noise or the sound of pouring water in the ear.

The progression of the disease or its transition to chronic stage may give other symptoms. Perhaps the appearance of headaches, painful pressure in the ears, persistent hearing loss up to complete deafness.

To diagnose the disease, an otolaryngologist may prescribe audiometry, otoscopy, ear manometry, and related studies to detect diseases of the nasopharynx.

The photo schematically shows the internal structure of the hearing aid.

Signs of eustachitis in children

Tubootitis is one of the names of Eustachitis, a frequent companion of babies from the PDI category. These are often ill children, banal colds lead to the penetration of bacteria and viruses into the Eustachian tube, causing the same symptoms as in adults.

Eustachitis in itself rarely gives a temperature, it usually rises with the occurrence of concomitant otitis media. The pain syndrome is also almost always absent, so it is quite difficult to suspect the disease at the very beginning in children.

It is worth being alert if the child complains of water in the ear, along with constant requests to repeat something said. Also, some children can talk directly about autophony - more often these are statements about tinnitus echoes or toddlers' stories about someone repeating after him.

Causes of the disease

The most common cause of childhood morbidity with eustachitis is weak immunity, colds with a runny nose for fragile babies can provoke the disease.

Also, any nasal congestion that is not associated with an infection can contribute to the development of tubootitis. This may be an allergy, a deviated septum, structural anomalies, or overgrown adenoids.

Any chronic diseases ENT organs are another cause of eustachitis. Chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis or sinusitis are the most common catalysts for tubootitis in people of all ages.

Also, the development of the disease is possible due to polyps on the mucosa. In rare cases, eustachitis can be caused by tuberculosis or chlamydia. The same applies to fungal infections of the Eustachian tubes. In such cases, special therapy is needed.

How is the Eustachian tube located in adults and children

Forms and phases of the disease

The first phase of the disease is considered the appearance of a symptom of hearing loss, then other symptoms appear. This is characteristic of all forms of tubo-otitis, although differences will be observed with the progress of the disease.

Eustachitis has acute and chronic forms, sometimes differing in symptoms and requiring different treatment. It is also necessary to highlight the bilateral form of the disease. It can be both acute and chronic.

Acute form of eustachitis

The acute form of the disease can go away on its own without treatment, but this does not mean that you should abandon it and wait until eustachitis passes by itself. Symptoms of the disease can pass from the usual vasoconstrictor drops or disappear when chewing or swallowing.

Without treatment, the disease is fraught with serious complications or the transition to a chronic form. Any inflammatory processes in the nearest areas of the brain are highly undesirable.

Features of the chronic form of the disease

The exacerbation of chronic eustachitis slightly differs in symptoms from the acute form of the disease, from the obvious, only the increasing loss of hearing acuity is noticeable.

In rare cases, a headache and a slight fever may occur. Ear pain, dizziness and heat may appear in case of otitis media on the background of eustachitis.

At the same time, after examining a doctor, you can accurately know the form of the disease - chronic eustachitis gives specific signs. These include retraction of the eardrum, the appearance of redness and narrowing of the lumen of the auditory tube.

Ways and methods of treatment of eustachitis

Various levels of antibiotics or antiviral drugs may be required to treat acute and chronic forms of eustachitis. The duration of treatment, the possibility of using folk remedies and procedures will also differ.

Often, the treatment of eustachitis must be combined with strengthening the immune system, therefore, both hardening procedures and drugs that support or form immunity are prescribed. Eustachian tube catheterization and various physiotherapy can also be used.

Drug treatment - antibiotics, drops and other methods

Treatment of any form of eustachitis is necessarily accompanied by vasoconstrictor drops or sprays.

It is important to reduce the swelling of the nasopharynx, thereby restoring the patency of the auditory tube.

For the same purpose, antihistamines and drops are used for allergic eustachitis, for example, Otipax.

Depending on the pathogen in acute tubo-otitis, various antibiotics or antiviral drugs are prescribed in the form of tablets or injections.

Chronic otitis requires a longer treatment, there is a need to support immunity.

In both forms of the disease, it is possible to prescribe UHF, UVI procedures, pneumomassage, laser therapy.

Folk remedies in the fight against eustachitis

The use of folk remedies pursues the same goal - to restore the patency of the pipe. For this, onion or aloe juice, Kalanchoe in the form of drops can be used to help cleanse the nasopharynx of mucus.

Also, onion juice is instilled into the ear with eustachitis.

Also, doctors often advise performing steam baths for the ears or inhalation with a cold with herbal ingredients or natural oils or lotions with boric alcohol.

In some cases, folk methods are powerless, pathogens are resistant to the gentle effects of folk remedies.

Features of the treatment of chlamydial eustachitis

According to the results of bacteriological culture, a specific pathogen can be identified. By standards medical care bakposev should be carried out immediately, but often it is performed only in the absence of positive reaction for treatment.

Chlamydial pharyngitis or tonsillitis can cause the pathogen to enter the auditory tube. In this case, it is impossible to refuse drug treatment, it is necessarily performed with antibiotics - folk remedies are not able to help cure chlamydial eustachitis.

Harmful and beneficial actions in eustachitis

The most harmful act in case of inflammation of the auditory tube is vigorous or incorrect blowing your nose.

This can re-introduce infected mucus into the Eustachian tube, increasing inflammation and developing swelling.

In case of illness, it is useful to increase the number of swallowing and chewing movements. This helps to reduce swelling and helps restore the drainage and ventilation functions of the auditory tube.

Watch in our video how eustachitis is treated in specialized clinics:

Disease prevention

This disease has quite a few preventive measures, rather they are associated with concomitant diseases:

1. The best prevention of eustachitis is the prevention of colds, viral and fungal infections of the nasopharynx.
2. Also, timely detection and properly organized allergy therapy will help prevent eustachitis.
3. In order to prevent any ENT diseases, it is desirable to carry out a general hardening of the body, vitaminization and mineral therapy. This will help strengthen the immune system and reduce the likelihood of any inflammatory processes.
4. Another preventive measure can be considered the correct training in blowing.

A simple acute form of eustachitis caused by a common cold can completely go away on its own without consequences for the body.

However, often this disease becomes chronic or otitis media, and can also lead to complete or partial hearing loss.

Therefore, the treatment of eustachitis should be taken seriously, using medical methods, folk remedies and following the advice on the use of preventive measures.